Immunotherapy against programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Importance of molecular variations, cellular heterogeneity, and cancer stem cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy related to diverse etiological factors. Different oncogenic mechanisms and genetic variations lead to multiple HCC molecular classifications. Recently, an immune-based strategy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was presented in HCC...

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Publicado en:World J Stem Cells
Autores principales: Sukowati, Caecilia H C, El-Khobar, Korri Elvanita, Tiribelli, Claudio
Formato: Artigo
Lenguaje:Inglês
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8316870/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34367478
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.795
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