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Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Cigarette smoking constitutes one of the most important modifiable factors of osteoporosis, as well as contributes to an early death, tumors, and numerous chronic diseases. The group with an increased risk of a lower bone mineral density are patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. In fa...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:J Clin Med
Hauptverfasser: Ratajczak, Alicja Ewa, Szymczak-Tomczak, Aleksandra, Rychter, Anna Maria, Zawada, Agnieszka, Dobrowolska, Agnieszka, Krela-Kaźmierczak, Iwona
Format: Artigo
Sprache:Inglês
Veröffentlicht: MDPI 2021
Schlagworte:
Online Zugang:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038608/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33916465
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071515
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