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Designing and validating the empowerment scale for the older individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ESOCOPD)

INTRODUCTION: A standard scale to examine the empowerment status of older individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be used to assess their ability for self-care and disease management. This study aimed to design and validate the empowerment scale for the older individuals wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Heliyon
Main Authors: Khanian, Zahra Sam, Ghaffari, Fatemeh, Alipoor, Zahra Jannat, Fotokian, Zahra
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: Elsevier 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7210584/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405553
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03909
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