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Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A-Stimulated Monocytes Mediate Regulatory T-Cell Accumulation through PD-L1 and Kynurenine

Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) are exotoxins that promote a fulminant activation of the immune system. The subsequent intense release of inflammatory cytokines often results in hypotension, shock, and organ failure with high mortality rates. In the current paradigm, the direct and simultaneous bindi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Int J Mol Sci
Main Authors: Giesbrecht, Katharina, Förmer, Sandra, Sähr, Aline, Heeg, Klaus, Hildebrand, Dagmar
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: MDPI 2019
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Online Access:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719222/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31412561
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163933
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