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Lung Function in Users of a Smoke-Free Electronic Device With HeatSticks (iQOS) Versus Smokers of Conventional Cigarettes: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Observational Study

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem. It is the third-leading cause of death in the world, the fourth leading cause of death in Kazakhstan, and is strongly associated with smoking. Smoking cessation reduces the severity of respiratory symptoms an...

詳細記述

保存先:
書誌詳細
出版年:JMIR Res Protoc
主要な著者: Sharman, Almaz, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Sharman, Dana, Kim, Irina, Yerenchina, Elmira
フォーマット: Artigo
言語:Inglês
出版事項: JMIR Publications 2018
主題:
オンライン・アクセス:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6246972/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30401669
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10006
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