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Identifying Causal Estimands for Time-Varying Treatments Measured with Time-Varying (Age or Grade-Based) Instruments

This commentary discusses causal estimands of same-age and same-grade comparisons for assessing grade-retention effects on student ability and performance. Using potential outcomes notation, we show that same-age and same-grade comparisons refer to different retention–promotion contrasts and therefo...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Publicado no:Multivariate Behav Res
Main Authors: Steiner, Peter M., Park, Soojin, Kim, Yongnam
Formato: Artigo
Idioma:Inglês
Publicado em: 2016
Assuntos:
Acesso em linha:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6087470/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540889
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2016.1205470
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