Association of Time to First Morning Cigarette and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Measured by Spirometry in Current Smokers

BACKGROUND: Time to first cigarette after waking is an indicator of nicotine dependence. We aimed to identify the association between time to first cigarette and spirometry-proven obstructive respiratory impairment, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in current smokers. METHODS: We in...

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Опубликовано в: :Korean J Fam Med
Главные авторы: Kim, Geonhyeok, Song, Hongji, Park, Kyunghee, Noh, Hyemi, Lee, Eunyoung, Lee, Hyoeun, Kim, Hayoon, Paek, Yujin
Формат: Artigo
Язык:Inglês
Опубликовано: The Korean Academy of Family Medicine 2018
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Original Article
Online-ссылка:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5876051/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29629037
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.2.67
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