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Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke
BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke (SHS) is the most important contaminant of indoor air in first world countries. The risks associated with SHS exposure are highly relevant, because many people are regularly, and usually involuntarily, exposed to SHS. This study aims to quantify the effects of SHS expos...
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Publicado no: | BMC Public Health |
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BioMed Central
2015
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Acesso em linha: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4667413/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26627181 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2489-4 |
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pubmed-46674132015-12-03 Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke Fischer, Florian Kraemer, Alexander BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke (SHS) is the most important contaminant of indoor air in first world countries. The risks associated with SHS exposure are highly relevant, because many people are regularly, and usually involuntarily, exposed to SHS. This study aims to quantify the effects of SHS exposure. Therefore, its impact on ischaemic heart diseases (IHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and stroke will be considered. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify articles dealing with the association between SHS and the three outcomes IHD, COPD and stroke. Overall, 24 articles were included in a meta-analysis using a random effects model. Effect sizes stratified for sex and for both sexes combined were calculated. RESULTS: The synthesis of primary studies revealed significant effect sizes for the association between SHS exposure and all three outcomes. The highest RR for both sexes combined was found for COPD (RR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.38–2.00). The RR for both sexes combined was 1.35 (95 % CI: 1.22–1.50) for stroke and 1.27 (95 % CI: 1.10–1.48) for IHD. The risks were higher in women than in men for all three outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to calculate effect sizes for the association between SHS exposure and the disease outcomes IHD, COPD, and stroke at once. Overall, the effect sizes are comparable with previous findings in meta-analyses and therefore assumed to be reliable. The results indicate the high relevance of public health campaigns and legislation to protect non-smokers from the adverse health effects attributable to SHS exposure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2489-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4667413/ /pubmed/26627181 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2489-4 Text en © Fischer and Kraemer. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
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Research Article Fischer, Florian Kraemer, Alexander Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke |
description |
BACKGROUND: Second-hand smoke (SHS) is the most important contaminant of indoor air in first world countries. The risks associated with SHS exposure are highly relevant, because many people are regularly, and usually involuntarily, exposed to SHS. This study aims to quantify the effects of SHS exposure. Therefore, its impact on ischaemic heart diseases (IHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and stroke will be considered. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify articles dealing with the association between SHS and the three outcomes IHD, COPD and stroke. Overall, 24 articles were included in a meta-analysis using a random effects model. Effect sizes stratified for sex and for both sexes combined were calculated. RESULTS: The synthesis of primary studies revealed significant effect sizes for the association between SHS exposure and all three outcomes. The highest RR for both sexes combined was found for COPD (RR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.38–2.00). The RR for both sexes combined was 1.35 (95 % CI: 1.22–1.50) for stroke and 1.27 (95 % CI: 1.10–1.48) for IHD. The risks were higher in women than in men for all three outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to calculate effect sizes for the association between SHS exposure and the disease outcomes IHD, COPD, and stroke at once. Overall, the effect sizes are comparable with previous findings in meta-analyses and therefore assumed to be reliable. The results indicate the high relevance of public health campaigns and legislation to protect non-smokers from the adverse health effects attributable to SHS exposure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2489-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
author |
Fischer, Florian Kraemer, Alexander |
author_facet |
Fischer, Florian Kraemer, Alexander |
author_sort |
Fischer, Florian |
title |
Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke |
title_short |
Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke |
title_full |
Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke |
title_fullStr |
Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke |
title_full_unstemmed |
Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke |
title_sort |
meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, copd and stroke |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
container_title |
BMC Public Health |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4667413/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26627181 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2489-4 |
_version_ |
1810639597060751360 |