Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries

BACKGROUND: In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis co-occur, and mixed species infections containing both Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni can be common. During co-infection, interactions between these two species are possible, yet the extent to which su...

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Xuất bản năm:	PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Những tác giả chính:	Knowles, Sarah C. L., Webster, Bonnie L., Garba, Amadou, Sacko, Moussa, Diaw, Oumar T., Fenwick, Alan, Rollinson, David, Webster, Joanne P.
Định dạng:	Artigo
Ngôn ngữ:	Inglês
Được phát hành:	Public Library of Science 2015
Những chủ đề:	Research Article
Truy cập trực tuyến:	https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4607489/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26469347 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004019
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id	pubmed-4607489
record_format	dspace
spelling	pubmed-46074892015-10-29 Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries Knowles, Sarah C. L. Webster, Bonnie L. Garba, Amadou Sacko, Moussa Diaw, Oumar T. Fenwick, Alan Rollinson, David Webster, Joanne P. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis co-occur, and mixed species infections containing both Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni can be common. During co-infection, interactions between these two species are possible, yet the extent to which such interactions influence disease dynamics or the outcome of control efforts remains poorly understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we analyse epidemiological data from three West African countries co-endemic for urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis (Senegal, Niger and Mali) to test whether the impact of praziquantel (PZQ) treatment, subsequent levels of re-infection or long-term infection dynamics are altered by co-infection. In all countries, positive associations between the two species prevailed at baseline: infection by one species tended to predict infection intensity for the other, with the strength of association varying across sites. Encouragingly, we found little evidence that co-infection influenced PZQ efficacy: species-specific egg reduction rates (ERR) and cure rates (CR) did not differ significantly with co-infection, and variation in treatment success was largely geographical. In Senegal, despite positive associations at baseline, children with S. mansoni co-infection at the time of treatment were less intensely re-infected by S. haematobium than those with single infections, suggesting competition between the species may occur post-treatment. Furthermore, the proportion of schistosome infections attributable to S. mansoni increased over time in all three countries examined. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that while co-infection between urinary and intestinal schistosomes may not directly affect PZQ treatment efficacy, competitive interspecific interactions may influence epidemiological patterns of re-infection post-treatment. While re-infection patterns differed most strongly according to geographic location, interspecific interactions also seem to play a role, and could cause the community composition in mixed species settings to shift as disease control efforts intensify, a situation with implications for future disease management in this multi-species system. Public Library of Science 2015-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4607489/ /pubmed/26469347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004019 Text en © 2015 Knowles et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
institution	US NLM
collection	PubMed Central
language	Inglês
format	Artigo
topic	Research Article
spellingShingle	Research Article Knowles, Sarah C. L. Webster, Bonnie L. Garba, Amadou Sacko, Moussa Diaw, Oumar T. Fenwick, Alan Rollinson, David Webster, Joanne P. Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries
description	BACKGROUND: In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis co-occur, and mixed species infections containing both Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni can be common. During co-infection, interactions between these two species are possible, yet the extent to which such interactions influence disease dynamics or the outcome of control efforts remains poorly understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we analyse epidemiological data from three West African countries co-endemic for urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis (Senegal, Niger and Mali) to test whether the impact of praziquantel (PZQ) treatment, subsequent levels of re-infection or long-term infection dynamics are altered by co-infection. In all countries, positive associations between the two species prevailed at baseline: infection by one species tended to predict infection intensity for the other, with the strength of association varying across sites. Encouragingly, we found little evidence that co-infection influenced PZQ efficacy: species-specific egg reduction rates (ERR) and cure rates (CR) did not differ significantly with co-infection, and variation in treatment success was largely geographical. In Senegal, despite positive associations at baseline, children with S. mansoni co-infection at the time of treatment were less intensely re-infected by S. haematobium than those with single infections, suggesting competition between the species may occur post-treatment. Furthermore, the proportion of schistosome infections attributable to S. mansoni increased over time in all three countries examined. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that while co-infection between urinary and intestinal schistosomes may not directly affect PZQ treatment efficacy, competitive interspecific interactions may influence epidemiological patterns of re-infection post-treatment. While re-infection patterns differed most strongly according to geographic location, interspecific interactions also seem to play a role, and could cause the community composition in mixed species settings to shift as disease control efforts intensify, a situation with implications for future disease management in this multi-species system.
author	Knowles, Sarah C. L. Webster, Bonnie L. Garba, Amadou Sacko, Moussa Diaw, Oumar T. Fenwick, Alan Rollinson, David Webster, Joanne P.
author_facet	Knowles, Sarah C. L. Webster, Bonnie L. Garba, Amadou Sacko, Moussa Diaw, Oumar T. Fenwick, Alan Rollinson, David Webster, Joanne P.
author_sort	Knowles, Sarah C. L.
title	Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries
title_short	Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries
title_full	Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries
title_fullStr	Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries
title_sort	epidemiological interactions between urogenital and intestinal human schistosomiasis in the context of praziquantel treatment across three west african countries
publisher	Public Library of Science
container_title	PLoS Negl Trop Dis
publishDate	2015
url	https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4607489/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26469347 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004019
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Epidemiological Interactions between Urogenital and Intestinal Human Schistosomiasis in the Context of Praziquantel Treatment across Three West African Countries

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