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Vertebral–venous fistula: an unusual cause for ocular symptoms mimicking a carotid cavernous fistula

Vertebral–venous fistulas (VVF), or vertebral–vertebral arteriovenous fistulas, are an uncommon clinical entity. Typically, they present as a result of a direct vascular connection between an extracranial branch of the vertebral artery or its radicular components and the epidural venous plexus. Thes...

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Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:BMJ Case Rep
Hlavní autoři: Felbaum, Daniel, Chidambaram, Swathi, Mason, Robert Bryan, Armonda, Rocco A, Liu, Ai Hsi
Médium: Artigo
Jazyk:Inglês
Vydáno: BMJ Publishing Group 2015
Témata:
On-line přístup:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4493176/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150625
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-011796
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