Hovering performance of Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) in ground effect

Aerodynamic performance and energetic savings for flight in ground effect are theoretically maximized during hovering, but have never been directly measured for flying animals. We evaluated flight kinematics, metabolic rates and induced flow velocities for Anna's hummingbirds hovering at height...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:J R Soc Interface
Main Authors: Kim, Erica J., Wolf, Marta, Ortega-Jimenez, Victor Manuel, Cheng, Stanley H., Dudley, Robert
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: The Royal Society 2014
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Research Articles
Online Access:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4233700/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990291
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0505
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