Honey Bee Apis mellifera Parasites in the Absence of Nosema ceranae Fungi and Varroa destructor Mites

Few areas of the world have western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies that are free of invasive parasites Nosema ceranae (fungi) and Varroa destructor (mites). Particularly detrimental is V. destructor; in addition to feeding on host haemolymph, these mites are important vectors of several viruses...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shutler, Dave, Head, Krista, Burgher-MacLellan, Karen L., Colwell, Megan J., Levitt, Abby L., Ostiguy, Nancy, Williams, Geoffrey R.
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: Public Library of Science 2014
Subjects:
Research Article
Online Access:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067279/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24955834
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098599
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