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Smoking Related Cotinine Levels and Host Responses in Chronic Periodontitis
Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk varies among smokers. Cotinine levels in saliva are routinely used to measure the level of smoking, and reflect the quantity of nicotine...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
2013
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4035475/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24283398 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12146 |
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