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A mechanistic hypothesis of the factors that enhance vulnerability to nicotine use in females
Women are particularly more vulnerable to tobacco use than men. This review proposes a unifying hypothesis that females experience greater rewarding effects of nicotine and more intense stress produced by withdrawal than males. We also provide a neural framework whereby estrogen promotes greater rew...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Artigo |
| Language: | Inglês |
| Published: |
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812395/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684991 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.055 |
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