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Addiction is a Reward Deficit and Stress Surfeit Disorder
Drug addiction can be defined by a three-stage cycle – binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation – that involves allostatic changes in the brain reward and stress systems. Two primary sources of reinforcement, positive and negative reinforcement, have been hypoth...
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2013
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| Acesso em linha: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730086/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23914176 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00072 |
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