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Smoking Is Associated with, but Does Not Cause, Depressed Mood in Pregnancy – A Mendelian Randomization Study

Smokers have a higher prevalence of major depressive episodes and depressive symptoms than the general population, but whether this association is causal, or is due to confounding or reverse causation is uncertain because of the problems inherent in some epidemiological studies. Mendelian randomizat...

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Autori principali: Lewis, Sarah J., Araya, Ricardo, Davey Smith, George, Freathy, Rachel, Gunnell, David, Palmer, Tom, Munafò, Marcus
Natura: Artigo
Lingua:Inglês
Pubblicazione: Public Library of Science 2011
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Accesso online:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139580/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21818261
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021689
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