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Hormonal, cardiovascular, and subjective responses to acute stress in smokers

RATIONALE: There are complex relationships between stress and smoking; smoking may reduce the emotional discomfort of stress, yet nicotine activates stress systems and may alter responses to acute stress. It is important to understand how smoking affects physiological and psychological outcomes afte...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Childs, Emma, de Wit, Harriet
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: 2008
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2727744/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18936915
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1359-5
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