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Temperature, ordering, and equilibrium with time-dependent confining forces
The concepts of temperature and equilibrium are not well defined in systems of particles with time-varying external forces. An example is a radio frequency ion trap, with the ions laser cooled into an ordered solid, characteristic of sub-mK temperatures, whereas the kinetic energies associated with...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
The National Academy of Sciences
2000
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC27085/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10995471 |
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