Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution

BACKGROUND: The duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) belongs to the mammalian subclass Prototheria, which diverged from the Theria line early in mammalian evolution. The platypus genome sequence provides a unique opportunity to illuminate some aspects of the biology and evolution of these...

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Main Authors: Ordoñez, Gonzalo R, Hillier, LaDeana W, Warren, Wesley C, Grützner, Frank, López-Otín, Carlos, Puente, Xose S
Formato: Artigo
Idioma:Inglês
Publicado em: BioMed Central 2008
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Acesso em linha:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2441467/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18482448
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-r81
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spelling pubmed-24414672008-06-28 Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution Ordoñez, Gonzalo R Hillier, LaDeana W Warren, Wesley C Grützner, Frank López-Otín, Carlos Puente, Xose S Genome Biol Research BACKGROUND: The duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) belongs to the mammalian subclass Prototheria, which diverged from the Theria line early in mammalian evolution. The platypus genome sequence provides a unique opportunity to illuminate some aspects of the biology and evolution of these animals. RESULTS: We show that several genes implicated in food digestion in the stomach have been deleted or inactivated in platypus. Comparison with other vertebrate genomes revealed that the main genes implicated in the formation and activity of gastric juice have been lost in platypus. These include the aspartyl proteases pepsinogen A and pepsinogens B/C, the hydrochloric acid secretion stimulatory hormone gastrin, and the α subunit of the gastric H(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Other genes implicated in gastric functions, such as the β subunit of the H(+)/K(+)-ATPase and the aspartyl protease cathepsin E, have been inactivated because of the acquisition of loss-of-function mutations. All of these genes are highly conserved in vertebrates, reflecting a unique pattern of evolution in the platypus genome not previously seen in other mammalian genomes. CONCLUSION: The observed loss of genes involved in gastric functions might be responsible for the anatomical and physiological differences in gastrointestinal tract between monotremes and other vertebrates, including small size, lack of glands, and high pH of the monotreme stomach. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of the platypus genome, might extend the less-is-more evolutionary model to monotremes, and provides novel insights into the importance of gene loss events during mammalian evolution. BioMed Central 2008 2008-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC2441467/ /pubmed/18482448 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-r81 Text en Copyright © 2008 Ordoñez et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
institution US NLM
collection PubMed Central
language Inglês
format Artigo
topic Research
spellingShingle Research
Ordoñez, Gonzalo R
Hillier, LaDeana W
Warren, Wesley C
Grützner, Frank
López-Otín, Carlos
Puente, Xose S
Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution
description BACKGROUND: The duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) belongs to the mammalian subclass Prototheria, which diverged from the Theria line early in mammalian evolution. The platypus genome sequence provides a unique opportunity to illuminate some aspects of the biology and evolution of these animals. RESULTS: We show that several genes implicated in food digestion in the stomach have been deleted or inactivated in platypus. Comparison with other vertebrate genomes revealed that the main genes implicated in the formation and activity of gastric juice have been lost in platypus. These include the aspartyl proteases pepsinogen A and pepsinogens B/C, the hydrochloric acid secretion stimulatory hormone gastrin, and the α subunit of the gastric H(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Other genes implicated in gastric functions, such as the β subunit of the H(+)/K(+)-ATPase and the aspartyl protease cathepsin E, have been inactivated because of the acquisition of loss-of-function mutations. All of these genes are highly conserved in vertebrates, reflecting a unique pattern of evolution in the platypus genome not previously seen in other mammalian genomes. CONCLUSION: The observed loss of genes involved in gastric functions might be responsible for the anatomical and physiological differences in gastrointestinal tract between monotremes and other vertebrates, including small size, lack of glands, and high pH of the monotreme stomach. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of the platypus genome, might extend the less-is-more evolutionary model to monotremes, and provides novel insights into the importance of gene loss events during mammalian evolution.
author Ordoñez, Gonzalo R
Hillier, LaDeana W
Warren, Wesley C
Grützner, Frank
López-Otín, Carlos
Puente, Xose S
author_facet Ordoñez, Gonzalo R
Hillier, LaDeana W
Warren, Wesley C
Grützner, Frank
López-Otín, Carlos
Puente, Xose S
author_sort Ordoñez, Gonzalo R
title Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution
title_short Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution
title_full Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution
title_fullStr Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution
title_full_unstemmed Loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution
title_sort loss of genes implicated in gastric function during platypus evolution
publisher BioMed Central
publishDate 2008
url https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2441467/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18482448
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-r81
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