Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics

Predation pressure and energy requirements present particularly salient opposing selective pressures on young fish. Thus, fry are expected to possess sophisticated means of detecting predators and resources. Here we tested the hypotheses that fry of the swordtail fish Xiphophorus birchmanni use chem...

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Main Authors:	Coleman, Seth W., Rosenthal, Gil G.
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	Public Library of Science 2006
Assuntos:	Research Article
Acesso em linha:	https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1762321/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205122 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000118
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spelling	pubmed-17623212007-01-04 Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics Coleman, Seth W. Rosenthal, Gil G. PLoS One Research Article Predation pressure and energy requirements present particularly salient opposing selective pressures on young fish. Thus, fry are expected to possess sophisticated means of detecting predators and resources. Here we tested the hypotheses that fry of the swordtail fish Xiphophorus birchmanni use chemical and visual cues in detection of predators and conspecifics. To test these hypotheses we presented young (<7 day-old) fry with combinations of visual and chemical stimuli from adult conspecifics and predators. We found that exposure to predator odors resulted in shoal tightening similar to that observed when fry were presented with visual cues alone. In trials with conspecific stimuli, fry were particularly attracted to adult conspecifics when presented simultaneous visual and chemical stimuli compared to the visual stimulus alone. These results show that fry attend to the odors of adult conspecifics, whose presence in a particular area may signal the location of resources as well as an absence of predators. This is one of the first studies to show that such young fish use chemical and visual cues in predator detection and in interactions with conspecifics. Previous research in X. birchmanni has shown that anthropogenic alteration of the chemical environment disrupts intraspecific chemical communication among adults; we suggest that because fry use the same chemosensory pathways to detect predators and conspecifics, alteration of the chemical environment may critically disrupt predator and resource detection. Public Library of Science 2006-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC1762321/ /pubmed/17205122 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000118 Text en Coleman, Rosenthal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
institution	US NLM
collection	PubMed Central
language	Inglês
format	Artigo
topic	Research Article
spellingShingle	Research Article Coleman, Seth W. Rosenthal, Gil G. Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics
description	Predation pressure and energy requirements present particularly salient opposing selective pressures on young fish. Thus, fry are expected to possess sophisticated means of detecting predators and resources. Here we tested the hypotheses that fry of the swordtail fish Xiphophorus birchmanni use chemical and visual cues in detection of predators and conspecifics. To test these hypotheses we presented young (<7 day-old) fry with combinations of visual and chemical stimuli from adult conspecifics and predators. We found that exposure to predator odors resulted in shoal tightening similar to that observed when fry were presented with visual cues alone. In trials with conspecific stimuli, fry were particularly attracted to adult conspecifics when presented simultaneous visual and chemical stimuli compared to the visual stimulus alone. These results show that fry attend to the odors of adult conspecifics, whose presence in a particular area may signal the location of resources as well as an absence of predators. This is one of the first studies to show that such young fish use chemical and visual cues in predator detection and in interactions with conspecifics. Previous research in X. birchmanni has shown that anthropogenic alteration of the chemical environment disrupts intraspecific chemical communication among adults; we suggest that because fry use the same chemosensory pathways to detect predators and conspecifics, alteration of the chemical environment may critically disrupt predator and resource detection.
author	Coleman, Seth W. Rosenthal, Gil G.
author_facet	Coleman, Seth W. Rosenthal, Gil G.
author_sort	Coleman, Seth W.
title	Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics
title_short	Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics
title_full	Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics
title_fullStr	Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics
title_full_unstemmed	Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics
title_sort	swordtail fry attend to chemical and visual cues in detecting predators and conspecifics
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2006
url	https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1762321/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205122 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000118
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Swordtail Fry Attend to Chemical and Visual Cues in Detecting Predators and Conspecifics

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