Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors

Abstract Background Since the introduction of copper based, lead-free frangible (LFF) ammunition to Air Force small arms firing ranges, instructors have reported symptoms including chest tightness, respiratory irritation, and metallic taste. These symptoms have been reported despite measurements det...

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Main Authors: Ryan J. McNeilly, Jennifer A. Schwanekamp, Logan S. Hyder, John P. Hatch, Brett T. Edwards, Jacob A. Kirsh, Jerimiah M. Jackson, Thomas Jaworek, Mark M. Methner, Christin M. Duran
Formato: Artigo
Idioma:Inglês
Publicado em: BMC 2022-05-01
Colecção:Particle and Fibre Toxicology
Assuntos:
Exposure assessment
Biomarkers
Ultrafine particulate
Firing range
Carbon monoxide
Copper
Acesso em linha:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00471-0
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