Activated carbon attenuates nicotine and Candida albicans-induced oral leukoplakia via modulation of IL-17R signaling and oxidative stress: an in vivo study

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of coconut-shell-derived activated carbon (AC) in attenuating oral leukoplakia induced by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) nicotine and Candida albicans, focusing on nicotine burden, fungal growth, interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17R) ex...

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Auteurs principaux:	Utmi Arma, Abu Bakar, Fitria Mailiza, Fauzia Nilam Orienty, Basri A. Gani
Format:	Artigo
Langue:	Inglês
Publié:	BMC 2026-02-01
Collection:	Head & Face Medicine
Sujets:	Oral leukoplakia Nicotine Candida albicans Activated carbon IL-17R Malondialdehyde
Accès en ligne:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13005-026-00595-0
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