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Gamma-Ray Bursts Calibrated by Using Artificial Neural Networks from the Pantheon+ Sample

In this paper, we calibrate the luminosity relation of gamma−ray bursts (GRBs) by employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) to analyze the Pantheon+ sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in a manner independent of cosmological assumptions. The A219 GRB dataset is used to calibrate the Amati relati...

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Main Authors: Zhen Huang, Xin Luo, Bin Zhang, Jianchao Feng, Puxun Wu, Yu Liu, Nan Liang
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Universe
Subjects:
gamma-ray bursts
general cosmology
dark energy cosmology
observations
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/8/241
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