An Optimized Clustering Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Spotted Hyena and Improved Energy-Efficient Non-Uniform Clustering

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in environmental monitoring, disaster early warning, and smart grids. However, sensor nodes face strict energy limitations. Unbalanced energy consumption and hotspots severely shorten the network lifetime. To address these problems, this paper proposes...

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Detalhes bibliográficos

Principais autores:	Songhao Jia, Shuya Jia, Wenqian Shao, Fangfang Li
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	MDPI AG 2026-05-01
Colecção:	Sensors
Assuntos:	Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) swarm optimization algorithm cluster head selection energy consumption network lifetime
Acesso em linha:	https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/9/2866
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