Global Andrology Forum (GAF) Clinical Guidelines on the Management of Non-obstructive Azoospermia: Bridging the Gap between Controversy and Consensus

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate due to testicular failure, is observed in 5% to 15% of infertile men and accounts for two-thirds of azoospermia cases. The management of NOA is marked by significant controversy and global variation in dia...

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Bibliografski detalji

Glavni autori:	Taha Hamoda, Rupin Shah, Taymour Mostafa, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Widi Atmoko, Amarnath Rambhatla, Manaf Al Hashimi, Selahittin Çayan, Giovanni Maria Colpi, Hiva Alipour, Edmund Ko, Armand Zini, Fotios Dimitriadis, Ayman Rashed, Hyun Jun Park, Ramadan Saleh, Tuncay Toprak, Aleksei Ryzhkov, Ateş Kadıoğlu, Hussein Kandil, Arif Kalkanli, Ahmed I. El-Sakka, Gokhan Calik, Marco Falcone, Haitham Elbardisi, Mohamed Arafa, Christopher Chee Kong Ho, Marlon Pedrozo Martinez, Saleh Binsaleh, Ahmad Tarek Motawi, Nazim Gherabi, Akira Tsujimura, Hisanori Taniguchi, Raghavender Kosgi, Aldo E. Calogero, Taras Shatylko, Dongsuk Kim, Charalampos Thomas, Nicholas N. Tadros, Sotiris Andreadakis, Muhammad Ujudud Musa, Charalampos Konstantinidis, Mirko Preto, Tan V. Le, Kareim Mohamed Khalafalla, Rossella Cannarella, Kasonde Bowa, Balasingam Balagobi, Darren Jonathan Katz, Quang Nguyen, Raman Tanwar, Edson Borges Junior, Ashok Agarwal
Format:	Artigo
Jezik:	Inglês
Izdano:	Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology 2026-01-01
Serija:	The World Journal of Men's Health
Teme:	azoospermia guideline infertility pregnancy semen sperm retrieval
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