Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and three-dimensional printing: detection of multiple perivalvular leaks after mitral valve replacement—a case report and literature review

Abstract Background Accurate assessment of perivalvular leak (PVL) morphology following valve replacement remains a significant clinical challenge. Precise characterization of PVL anatomy is essential, as different leak patterns require distinct management strategies. We report a case in which two c...

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Autori principali:	Zhirong Wang, Qiuxian Wan, Chengming Fan, Qi Ai, Hong You, Tianli Zhao, Shijun Hu, Qin Wu
Natura:	Artigo
Lingua:	Inglês
Pubblicazione:	BMC 2026-04-01
Serie:	Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Soggetti:	Multiple perivalvular leaks Transcatheter paravalvular leak closure Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography Three-dimensional printing
Accesso online:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-026-04207-5
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