Deepfake face detection using hybrid bag-of-visual-words and multi-CNN feature fusion

Abstract Recent advances in generative modeling have enabled the creation of highly realistic deepfake facial images, posing significant risks to digital security, media integrity, and public trust. Although deep learning–based detection methods have achieved strong performance, they often suffer fr...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Maher Alrahhal, Fatimah Alqahtani, Rohaya Latip, Mohammad AlShabi, Walaa M. Abd-Elhafiez
Format:	Artigo
Language:	Inglês
Published:	Nature Portfolio 2026-05-01
Series:	Scientific Reports
Subjects:	Deepfake detection Forensic AI Feature fusion Bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) HOG Transfer learning
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-53464-w
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