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A perturbative approach on the stability of the Einstein universe in $$f(\mathcal {R},\phi ,\chi )$$ f ( R , ϕ , χ ) gravity

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the stability and existence of the closed Einstein Universe (EU) under linear homogeneous perturbations within the framework of $$ f(\mathcal {R}, \phi , \chi ) $$ f ( R , ϕ , χ ) gravity. For this, we consider a closed Friedmann–Roberson–Walker unive...

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I tiakina i:
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Ngā kaituhi matua: Muhammad, M. Azam
Hōputu: Artigo
Reo:Inglês
I whakaputaina: SpringerOpen 2026-03-01
Rangatū:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Urunga tuihono:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15458-w
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