Time-dependent mechanical behavior and support timing of surrounding rock governed by crack closure ratio

Abstract The long-term deformation characteristics of rock are crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of underground engineering projects. This study examines the time-dependent damage behavior of granite samples from the Shuangjiangkou underground powerhouse under creep loading, with a focus...

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Hauptverfasser:	Li Qian, Tianzhi Yao, Enlong Liu, Jianhai Zhang, Xianglin Xing, Ru Zhang, Yonghong Li
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	Nature Portfolio 2026-02-01
Schriftenreihe:	Scientific Reports
Schlagworte:	Crack closure ratio Long-term strength Time-dependent crack evolution Rock creep constitutive model Surrounding rock classification Optimal support time
Online-Zugang:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39707-w
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