Distinguishing caffeine expectancy from pharmacological effects: a comparative review of experimental designs with future directions
Caffeine (CAF) is among the most widely consumed bioactive substances and is recognized for its ergogenic benefits. Yet, separating its expectancy-driven effects from pharmacological effects remains challenging. This review compares the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover, deceptive...
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| Principais autores: | , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2026-06-01
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| Colecção: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1865993/full |
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