Catalytic Upgrading of Vacuum Residue over Metal-Loaded Iraqi Kaolin Using a Fixed-Bed Reactor
The catalytic upgrading of vacuum residue (VR) is constrained by the high cost, diffusional limitations, and rapid deactivation of conventional zeolite-based catalysts due to severe coking. Addressing this, we developed novel, low-cost, and coke-resistant catalysts utilizing naturally abundant Iraqi...
Sábháilte in:
| Príomhchruthaitheoirí: | , , , , , |
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| Formáid: | Artigo |
| Teanga: | Inglês |
| Foilsithe / Cruthaithe: |
MDPI AG
2026-04-01
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| Sraith: | Applied Sciences |
| Ábhair: | |
| Rochtain ar líne: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/7/3597 |
| Clibeanna: |
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