Effects of cassava waste- and tofu waste-based concentrate formulations on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and economic returns of Madura and Madrasin bulls under smallholder production systems

Background and Aim: Feed scarcity and the high cost of commercial concentrates remain major constraints to beef production under Indonesian smallholder systems. Agricultural by-products such as cassava and tofu waste offer potential low-cost alternatives, but information on their combined utilizatio...

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Autors principals:	Kusmartono Kusmartono, Mashudi Mashudi, Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru, Aprilia Dwi Kartika, Jean Harper, Stephen Todd Morris
Format:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicat:	Veterinary World 2026-07-01
Col·lecció:	Veterinary World
Matèries:	agricultural by-products beef cattle cassava waste feed formulation income over feed cost madrasin bulls madura bulls smallholder production systems
Accés en línia:	https://veterinaryworld.org/Vol.19/July-2026/8.pdf
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