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Amplifying immune responses via a parenteral prime-intranasal boost strategy using a lipidated chitosan nanoparticle-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine

Abstract As COVID-19 continues to spread and new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, the immunity provided by first-generation vaccines has been waning, highlighting the need for new strategies to enhance antigen-specific immune responses and overall vaccine efficacy. Nasal vaccination is a promising approa...

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Main Authors: Chai Jian Yi, Abdullah Al-Hadi Ahmad Fuaad, Nor Azila Muhammad Azami, Siti Nur Zawani Rosli, Chen Fei Low, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin, Rahman Jamal, Fazren Azmi
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: Nature Portfolio 2026-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Intranasal vaccine
Chitosan
Nanoparticles
SARS-CoV-2
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-51737-y
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