Sustainable economic policies for a VMI-CS-based closed-loop supply chain with quality control measures under the carbon cap-and-trade regulation

The present study evaluates the effects of making various initial investments on the economic and environmental sustainability of a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), comprising a single manufacturer and multiple retailers, who are tied under the vendor-managed inventory with consignment stock (VMI-CS...

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Autors principals:	Ayesa Khatun, Sahidul Islam, Rimi Karmakar, Arindam Garai
Format:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicat:	Elsevier 2026-03-01
Col·lecció:	Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain
Matèries:	Vendor managed inventory-based consignment stock agreement Closed-loop supply chain Green investment of each chain-partner Defective product Inspection investment for quality control of used item Atomic orbital search-based metaheuristics under fuzziness
Accés en línia:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772390925000794
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