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Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability

Abstract Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests in the western United States have been adversely affected by an exotic pathogen (Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust), insect outbreaks (Dendroctonus ponderosae, mountain pine beetle), and drought. We monitored individual tr...

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Bibliografiske detaljer
Principais autores: Erin Shanahan, Kathryn M. Irvine, David Thoma, Siri Wilmoth, Andrew Ray, Kristin Legg, Henry Shovic
Format: Artigo
Sprog:Inglês
Udgivet: Wiley 2016-12-01
Serier:Ecosphere
Fag:
Online adgang:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1610
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