Resettling the displaced: Ottoman strategies, financial policies and social integration of Circassian refugees in Bilād al-Shām

This article examines Ottoman strategies for the resettlement and integration of Circassian refugees in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing on Bilād al-Shām and its surrounding provinces. Drawing on Ottoman archival correspondence (BOA), provincial records, Sharia court regis...

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Autores principales:	Safiah Al-Salameen, Mazen Farajat
Formato:	Artigo
Lenguaje:	Inglês
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2026-12-01
Colección:	Cogent Arts & Humanities
Materias:	Circassian migration Ottoman empire refugee governance Bilād al-Shām migration policy frontier security
Acceso en línea:	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311983.2026.2646772
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