Comparative evaluation of oral microbial communities among smokers, vapers, and nonsmokers: Implications for periodontal health
Objectives: To compare site-specific oral microbiome alterations among smokers, vapers, and nonsmokers and assess periodontal implications. Methods: A literature review was conducted evaluating microbial diversity, dysbiosis patterns, and functional changes associated with tobacco smoking and vaping...
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| Principais autores: | , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2026-03-01
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| coleção: | Indian Journal of Dental Research |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijdr_202637S1_ABS_142 |
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