A VMD-Based Four-Stage Hybrid Forecasting Model with Error Correction for Complex Coal Price Series

This study proposes a four-module “decomposition–forecasting–ensemble–correction” framework to improve the accuracy of complex coal price forecasts. The framework combines Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), adaptive Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-A...

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Autors principals:	Qing Qin, Lingxiao Li
Format:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicat:	MDPI AG 2025-09-01
Col·lecció:	Mathematics
Matèries:	coal price forecasting variational mode decomposition error self-correction GRU-Attention weight optimization
Accés en línia:	https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/18/2912
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