High Prevalence of Lesions of Systemic Hypertension in Bile-Extracted Asiatic Black Bears (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) and Associated Renal Disease

Approximately 17,000 bears undergo bile extraction in facilities across Asia for traditional medicines despite the availability of proven alternatives. Bears are confined to cages and bile harvested from the gallbladder via needle aspiration, implanted catheters, or transabdominal fistulas. Bile-ext...

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Egile Nagusiak:	Monica K. H. Bando, O. Lynne Nelson, Kyle Taylor, Rance Sellon, Clark Kogan, Jill Robinson, Emily Drayton, Claudia Hartley, David Donaldson, Chris Linney, Hannah Stephenson
Formatua:	Artigo
Hizkuntza:	Inglês
Argitaratua:	MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Saila:	Animals
Gaiak:	aortic aneurysm Asiatic black bear bear bile hypertensive retinopathy left ventricular hypertrophy renal disease
Sarrera elektronikoa:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1940
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