Weighted average algorithm adjusted a novel (1 + FOPI)-FOPI-TID controller structure for AGC with integration of non-linearities and cyber-attack

Abstract The integration of diverse energy sources and the advent of smart grids have intensified the challenges in load frequency management (LFM). Modern power systems are increasingly vulnerable to inherent nonlinearities, such as generation rate constraints, governor dead bands, boiler dynamics,...

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Egile Nagusiak:	Moses Awal, Michael Robson Atim, Jimmy Nabende Wanzala, Johnes Obungoloch, Mohamed Barakat
Formatua:	Artigo
Hizkuntza:	Inglês
Argitaratua:	Nature Portfolio 2026-02-01
Saila:	Scientific Reports
Gaiak:	Automatic generation control (1 + FOPI)-FOPI-TID controller Weighted average algorithm Cyber-attack Power systems nonlinearities Random step load
Sarrera elektronikoa:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-37004-0
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