Economic and Energy Efficiency of Bivalent Heating Systems in a Retrofitted Hospital Building: A Case Study

This case study evaluates the economic and energy efficiency of retrofitting a hospital heating system in Krakow, Poland, by transitioning from a district-heating-only model to a bivalent hybrid system. The analyzed configuration integrates air-to-water heat pumps (HP), a 180 kWp photovoltaic (PV) i...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliografische Detailangaben

Hauptverfasser:	Jakub Szymiczek, Krzysztof Szczotka, Piotr Michalak, Radosław Pyrek, Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	MDPI AG 2025-12-01
Schriftenreihe:	Energies
Schlagworte:	heat pumps photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system techno-economic analysis energy efficiency
Online-Zugang:	https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/19/1/10
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