Kinetic and Spectroscopic Evaluation of β-Carotene and α-Tocopherol Degradation in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

The limited oxidative stability of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) constrains their use as biofuels. This study presents a direct, side-by-side comparison of β-carotene and α-tocopherol as natural antioxidant additives in FAME produced from refined rapeseed oil, evaluated under identical thermo-oxid...

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Hauptverfasser:	Paweł Grabowski, Angelika Szwarczyńska, Szymon Skorupski
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	MDPI AG 2026-07-01
Schriftenreihe:	Molecules
Schlagworte:	fatty acid methyl esters natural antioxidants β-carotene α-tocopherol oxidative stability
Online-Zugang:	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/13/2298
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