Correlation does not equal causation: the imperative of causal inference in machine learning models for immunotherapy

Machine learning (ML) has played a crucial role in advancing precision immunotherapy by integrating multi-omics data to identify biomarkers and predict therapeutic responses. However, a prevalent methodological flaw persists in immunological studies—an overreliance on correlation-based analysis whil...

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Bibliografiske detaljer

Principais autores:	Jia-Wen Wang, Meng Meng, Mu-Wei Dai, Ping Liang, Juan Hou
Format:	Artigo
Sprog:	Inglês
Udgivet:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-09-01
Serier:	Frontiers in Immunology
Fag:	causal inference machine learning immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors confounding bias treatment effect estimation
Online adgang:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1630781/full
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