Gender differences in parent-child alienation and its relationship to depressive symptoms in left-behind children: a comparative analysis of undirected and directed networks

Abstract Background The elevated prevalence of depression among left-behind children is influenced by parent-child alienation. Gender differences may exist in both depression symptoms and parent-child alienation. This study employs undirected and directed network comparative analysis to explore gend...

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Bibliografische Detailangaben

Hauptverfasser:	Ling Li, Lei Ren, Chang Liu, Kuiliang Li
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	BMC 2025-10-01
Schriftenreihe:	BMC Public Health
Schlagworte:	Depression Parent-child alienation Left-behind children Adolescents Network analysis
Online-Zugang:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24796-5
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