Effects of concentrate intake on blood urea nitrogen, estrogen, and IGF-1 levels in relation to pregnancy status and milk yield in smallholder dairy cows

Background: Smallholder dairy farming is the largest fresh milk producer in Indonesia. The success of dairy cattle production depends on feed protein, increased blood or milk urea, increased crude feed protein, and increased degradation of feed protein. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effe...

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Autores principales:	Suzanita Utama, Fachruddin Aziz, Syaiful Rizal, Sri Mulyati, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Latifah Latifah, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Lili Anggraini, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti, Chairdin Dwi Nugraha, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori
Formato:	Artigo
Lenguaje:	Inglês
Publicado:	Tripoli University 2025-07-01
Colección:	Open Veterinary Journal
Materias:	bun estrogen igf-1 milk yield pregnancy
Acceso en línea:	http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=241574
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