Effect of the active form of vitamin D₃ on growth performance and immune-related gene expression in giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the herbal active form of vitamin D₃ (AcD; Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Germany) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Fish were fed a commercial diet...

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Autori principali:	Yin-Ze Shi, Andre Giovanni, Li-Wu Cheng, Pei-Chi Wang, Waraporn Kraitavin, Yu-Chi Lin, Shih-Chu Chen
Natura:	Artigo
Lingua:	Inglês
Pubblicazione:	Elsevier 2026-03-01
Serie:	Aquaculture Reports
Soggetti:	Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) Active form of vitamin D₃ (AcD) Growth performance Immune expression Improved liver health
Accesso online:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425007392
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