Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Prognostic Assessment of Heart Failure: From a Standardized Approach to Tailored Therapeutic Strategies

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) is the gold standard for the functional assessment in patients with heart failure (HF), providing objective parameters that reflect the integrated response of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems, in addition several CPET-derived variables hav...

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Auteurs principaux:	Fiorella Puttini, Beatrice Pezzuto, Carlo Vignati
Format:	Artigo
Langue:	Inglês
Publié:	MDPI AG 2025-09-01
Collection:	Medicina
Sujets:	cardiopulmonary exercise testing heart failure peak VO<sub>2</sub> VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> slope risk stratification MECKI score
Accès en ligne:	https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/10/1770
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