Morphological classification of the temporalis muscle: anatomical, radiological, and surgical perspectives

The temporalis muscle (TM) shows substantive morphological variability with direct implications for surgical planning and imaging interpretation. Drawing on cadaveric series and imaging cohorts, we critically synthesise convergent findings on layered architecture, distal tendon configuration and ret...

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Autors principals:	Adrian Okoń, Ingrid C. Landfald, Łukasz Olewnik
Format:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicat:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-03-01
Col·lecció:	Frontiers in Surgery
Matèries:	anatomical variation classification deep temporal fascia magnetic resonance imaging orthognathic surgery temporalis muscle
Accés en línia:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2026.1704668/full
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