Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users
Objectives To determine if urinary biomarkers of effect and potential harm are elevated in electronic cigarette users compared with non-smokers and if elevation correlates with increased concentrations of metals in urine.Study design and setting This was a cross-sectional study of biomarkers of expo...
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| Principais autores: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artigo |
| Sprog: | Inglês |
| Udgivet: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2020-09-01
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| Serier: | BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| Online adgang: | https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000452.full |
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