Design and Optimization of a Two-Tier Supply Chain Network Under Demand Uncertainty Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) involves complex coordination among multiple actors under demand uncertainty. However, most existing studies focus on simplified network structures that fail to capture all relevant dimensions of real-world supply chains or assume deterministic demand. This study propos...

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Váldodahkkit:	Sena Nur Durgunlu, Aytun Onay, Durdu Hakan Utku, Fatih Kasimoglu
Materiálatiipa:	Artigo
Giella:	Inglês
Almmustuhtton:	MDPI AG 2026-04-01
Ráidu:	Applied Sciences
Fáttát:	bilevel optimization supply chain management genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization
Liŋkkat:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/8/3817
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